Mitophagy Antibody
Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosome-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents. Selective autophagy targets the degradation of distinct sets of substrates and organelles. One of the best studied examples of selective autophagy involves the clearance of damaged mitochondria through a process called mitophagy.
Several pathways have been described for various contexts of mitophagy, including the FUNDC1 pathway, the BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix pathway, and the PINK1/Parkin pathway. FUNDC1 is a mitochondrial protein that is phosphorylated by the autophagy kinase ULK1 and regulates hypoxia induced mitophagy. BNIP3L/Nix and BNIP3 are members of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators that are expressed on mitochondria, induced by hypoxia, and have been shown to play a role in mitophagy. BNIP3L/Nix is also important in the autophagic maturation of erythroid cells. FUNDC1, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix bind to LC3 family members, targeting the mitochondria to the autophagosome.
Non-hypoxic induction of mitophagy can be regulated by the PINK1/Parkin pathway, which plays causative roles in neurodegenerative disease, most notably Parkinson’s disease. PINK1 is a mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase that is stabilized on the outer mitochondrial membrane of damaged mitochondria. Substrates of PINK1 include the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin and ubiquitin itself. Phosphorylation of Parkin as well as binding to phosphorylated ubiquitin leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated chains on multiple mitochondrial proteins. Ubiquitinated proteins are recognized by selective cargo receptors including SQSTM1/p62, Optineurin, and NDP52. Autophagy cargo receptors contain an LC3-interacting region (LIR) required for binding to Atg8/LC3 family members and targeting to the autophagosome.
Relevant antibodies
| Catalog# | Product Name | Reactivity | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMRe15658 | p62/SQSTM1 (12N5) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,ICC/IF,FC,IP |
| AMM83292 | CALCOCO2 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human | WB |
| AMRe21574 | Optineurin Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA |
| AMRe21149 | Parkin Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IF,IP,ELISA |
| AMM85907 | PINK1 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | Human, Mouse | WB,IHC |
| AMRe01564 | BNIP3 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human,Rat | WB,ICC/IF |
| AMRe01732 | BNIP3L Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | Human | WB,IHC-P |
| AMRe21536 | LC3B Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | Human,Mouse,Rat | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA |
| APS0635 | HRP-conjugated Polyclonal Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L) Secondary Antibody | — | — |
| AMre80004 | GAPDH (12R9) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | — | — |
Related Products
References
- Wu W, Tian W, Hu Z, Chen G, Huang L, Li W, Zhang X, Xue P, Zhou C, Liu L, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Li L, Zhang L, Sui S, Zhao B, Feng D. ULK1 translocates to mitochondria and phosphorylates FUNDC1 to regulate mitophagy. EMBO Rep. 2014 May;15(5):566-75. [PMID: 24671035].
- Kim Y, Park J, Kim S, Song S, Kwon SK, Lee SH, Kitada T, Kim JM, Chung J. PINK1 controls mitochondrial localization of Parkin through direct phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Dec 19;377(3):975-80. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.104. Epub 2008 Oct 26. PMID: 18957282.
- Lee S, Son JY, Lee J, Cheong H. Unraveling the Intricacies of Autophagy and Mitophagy: Implications in Cancer Biology. Cells. 2023 Nov 30;12(23):2742. [PMID: 38067169].
 | Flora Flora is a technical support expert at EnkiLife, familiar with immunology and neuroscience, dedicated to providing customers with high-quality product combinations and technical support to help achieve research in neurodegenerative diseases and other neuroscience areas. |