Human Reactive M1 vs M2 Macrophage IHC Antibody
Macrophages are myeloid cells of the innate immune system that are found in all human tissues in the body and exhibit anatomical and functional diversity. These heterogenous cells are derived from monocyte precursors in the blood that infiltrate into the tissues and differentiate in the presence of cytokines and growth factors. A spectrum of different macrophage phenotypes, or polarizations, have been described based on their secretory profiles, gene expression, and functions. Macrophages have great plasticity and can switch from one phenotype to another under different conditions. At the opposite extremes of this spectrum are so called M1, or classically activated phenotype, and M2 or alternatively activated phenotype. M1 macrophages are generally inflammatory and anti-tumor, while M2 macrophages, commonly referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are generally anti-inflammatory and pro-tumor. Relative contents of M1 and M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment may have prognostic values. Modulating macrophage polarization is actively pursued as a therapeutic intervention for many different diseases (1-6).
In humans, CD68 is considered a general marker for macrophages. CD11c, CD86, HLA-DRA, phospho-STAT1 (Tyr701), and others have been used as markers for M1 macrophages, while CD163, CD206, and others have been used as markers for M2 macrophages (7-10).
Various factors influencing the polarization of macrophages into M1 and M2 phenotypes. The diagram distinguishes between Direct Stimuli and Associated Stimuli that drive macrophage polarization.
Relevant Antibodies
| Catalog# | Product Name | Application | Reactivity |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMRe21577 | CD68 Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA | Human |
| AMRe21031 | CD163 Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| AMRe02227 | Mannose Receptor Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB | Human,Rat |
| AMM82034 | CD11C Mouse Monoclonal Antibody | FC,ELISA | Human |
| AMRe03894 | CD86 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,IHC-P,ICC/IF,FC,IP | Human,Rat |
| AMRe21448 | HLA-DR Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| AMRe06018 | Phospho-STAT1 (Y701) (3W10) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB | Human |
| APS0631 | HRP-conjugated Polyclonal Goat Anti-Mouse IgG(H+L) Secondary Antibody | ELISA,WB,Dotblot | Mouse |
| APS0635 | HRP-conjugated Polyclonal Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L) Secondary Antibody | ELISA,WB,Dotblot | Mouse |
| AMRe80004 | GAPDH (12R9) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,ELISA | Human,Mouse,Rat,Rabbit,Dog,Monkey |
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References
- Wynn, T.A. et al. (2013) Nature 496, 445-55.
- Biswas, S.K. and Mantovani, A. (2010) Nat Immunol 11, 889-96.
- Mills, C.D. (2012) Crit Rev Immunol 32, 463-88.
- Wang, N. et al. (2014) Front Immunol 5, 614.
- Orecchioni, M. et al. (2019) Front Immunol 10, 1084.
- Yunna, C. et al. (2020) Eur J Pharmacol 877, 173090.
- Shu, Q.H. et al. (2016) J Cell Mol Med 20, 1024-35.
- Dong, P. et al. (2016) Int J Mol Sci 17, 320.
- Lin, M.W. et al. (2016) Ann Surg Oncol 23, 3071-81.
- Rakaee, M. et al. (2019) Neoplasia 21, 282-293.
- Xue JD. et al. (2024) Heliyon.10(17):e37192.
Voisey
Voisey is a technical support specialist at EnkiLife, proficient in immunology and cell biology. She is committed to providing customers with professional and efficient technical support. Additionally, she is involved in research on customers' fields of study and designs highly cost-effective solutions for them.