PPAR gamma Regulated Fatty Acid Metabolism
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex composed of a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits, each of which is encoded by two or three distinct genes (α1, 2; β1, 2; γ1, 2, 3). The kinase is activated by an elevated AMP/ATP ratio due to cellular and environmental stress, such as heat shock, hypoxia, and ischemia. The tumor suppressor LKB1 phosphorylates AMPKα at Thr172 in the activation loop, and this phosphorylation is required for AMPK activation. Accumulating evidence indicates that AMPK not only regulates the metabolism of fatty acids and glycogen, but also modulates protein synthesis and cell growth through EF2 and TSC2/mTOR pathways, as well as blood flow via eNOS/nNOS.
CBP (CREB-binding protein) is a transcriptional co-activator that associates with PPARγ. CBP also contains histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, allowing it to acetylate histones and other proteins.
General Control of Amino Acid Synthesis Yeast Homolog Like 2 (GCN5L2) is a transcription adaptor protein and a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that functions as the catalytic subunit of the STAGA and TFTC transcription coactivator complexes. GCN5L2 is 73% homologous to the p300/CBP-associated factor PCAF, another HAT protein found in similar complexes. GCN5L2 acetylates non-histone proteins such as the transcription co-activator PGC1-α.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily and functions as a transcriptional activator. PPARγ is preferentially expressed in adipocytes as well as in vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophage.
The Silent Information Regulator (SIR2) family of genes is a highly conserved group of genes that encode nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein deacetylases, also known as class III histone deacetylases. SirT1, the mammalian ortholog of Sir2, is a nuclear protein implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes, including apoptosis, cellular senescence, endocrine signaling, glucose homeostasis, aging, and longevity. Targets of SirT1 include PPARγ, and the PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein. Deacetylation of PPARγ and PGC-1α regulates the gluconeogenic/glycolytic pathways in the liver and fat mobilization in white adipocytes in response to fasting.
The human retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are type-II nuclear hormone receptors encoded by three distinct genes (RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ) and bind selectively and with high affinity to the vitamin A derivative, 9-cis-retinoic acid. Nuclear RXRs form heterodimers with PPAR to help regulate transcription during lipid metabolism.
The Role of PPAR γ in Cancer Cells and Their Associated Cells.
Relevant Antibodies
| Catalog# | Product Name | Application | Reactivity |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMRe21607 | AMPK α1 Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| APRab06176 | CBP (Acetyl Lys1535) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | WB,IHC-P,IF-P,IF-F,ICC/IF,ELISA | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| AMRe02025 | KAT2A Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,IP | Human |
| AMRe16408 | PPAR gamma (19L6) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,ICC/IF,FC | Human |
| AMRe21606 | SIRT1 Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA | Human,Rat |
| AMRe02539 | Retinoid X Receptor alpha Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,ICC/IF,IP | Human,Rat |
| APS0635 | HRP-conjugated Polyclonal Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L) Secondary Antibody | ELISA,WB,Dotblot | Mouse |
| AMRe80004 | GAPDH (12R9) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,ELISA | Human,Mouse,Rat,Rabbit,Dog,Monkey |
Related Products
- Antibody Labeling Kit
- Western Blot Kits
- Super-sensitive ECL chemiluminescent reagent
- IHC Kit
- TSA mIHC Kits
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 | Voisey Voisey is a technical support specialist at EnkiLife, proficient in immunology and cell biology. She is committed to providing customers with professional and efficient technical support. Additionally, she is involved in research on customers' fields of study and designs highly cost-effective solutions for them. |