Esophageal Cancer
Evolution of Esophageal Cancer
1 Normal cell stage
- Characteristics: The esophageal mucosa is composed of normal epithelial cells, with regular cell morphology and normal function.
2 Pre-cancerous lesion stage
- Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN):
- Characteristics: Cells show mild atypia, but have not breached the basement membrane. Cell proliferation capacity is enhanced, but the degree of differentiation is still relatively high.
- Genetic changes: TP53 gene monoallelic mutations may occur, but the mutation frequency is low. Other genes, such as NOTCH1, have a higher mutation frequency.
- High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN):
- Characteristics: Significant increase in cell atypia, further enhancement of cell proliferation capacity, and a decrease in the degree of differentiation. Cells may breach the basement membrane, but have not yet formed invasive cancer.
- Genetic changes: Clones with biallelic deletion of the TP53 gene gradually dominate, and genomic instability increases.
3 Carcinoma in situ stage
- Characteristics: Cancer cells are confined within the epithelial layer and have not breached the basement membrane, but have already acquired the morphology and biological characteristics of cancer cells.
- Genetic changes: Clones with biallelic deletion of the TP53 gene further expand, and genomic instability significantly increases.
4 Invasive cancer stage
- Characteristics: Cancer cells breach the basement membrane, invade the lamina propria or deeper tissues, and form invasive cancer. Tumors may further invade the various layers of the esophageal wall, and even involve surrounding tissues and organs.
- Genetic changes: The tumor mutation burden further increases, especially with a significant increase in copy number variations (CNAs). Clones with biallelic deletion of the TP53 gene continue to dominate.
5 Further development and metastasis stage
- Locally advanced stage:
- Characteristics: Tumors invade deeper layers of the esophageal wall and may involve surrounding tissues and organs, such as the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and pericardium.
- Genetic changes: Genomic instability further intensifies, and new genetic mutations and copy number variations continue to emerge.
- Distant metastasis stage:
- Characteristics: Cancer cells metastasize to distant organs through the lymphatic or blood system, such as the liver, lungs, bones, etc.
- Genetic changes: Genomic instability reaches its peak, and the invasive and metastatic capabilities of tumor cells are significantly enhanced.
6 Terminal stage
- Characteristics: Widespread metastasis of tumors leads to multiple organ failure, and patients enter the terminal stage.
Understanding the evolution of esophageal cancer helps in early detection and intervention, improving treatment outcomes and patient survival rates. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve prognosis, especially when intervention is carried out at the pre-cancerous lesion stage, which can effectively prevent further cancer development.
Research Antibodies for Esophageal Cancer
| Category | Target | Catalog# | Product Name | Application | Reactivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell Proliferation and Survival Pathways | EGFR (HER1) | AMRe10344 | EGFR(L858R mutation) (8P17) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,IHC-P,ICC/IF,IF-P | Human |
| HER2 (ERBB2) | AMRe10568 | ErbB2 (HER2) (4J7) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,IHC-P,ICC/IF,FC,IP,IF-P | Human,Mouse,Rat | |
| MET | AMRe21182 | Met Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA | Human,Mouse,Rat | |
| FGFR1 | AMRe21605 | FGFR1 Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA | Human | |
| FGFR2 | AMRe10945 | FGFR2 (18K11) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,IP | Human,Mouse,Rat | |
| FGFR3 | AMRe02820 | FGFR3 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,IHC-F,IHC-P,ICC/IF | Human | |
| Angiogenesis-Related Pathways | VEGFA | AMRe21324 | VEGFA Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| VEGFR2 | APRab19777 | VEGFR2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | IF-P,IF-F,ICC/IF,WB,IHC-P,ELISA | Human | |
| Immune Regulation-Related Pathways | PD-1 | AMRe21290 | PDI Rabbit Monoclonal antibody | WB,IHC,IF,IP,ELISA | Human,Mouse,Rat |
| PD-L1 | AMRe15922 | PD-L1 (CD274) (5R18) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,IHC-P,ICC/IF,FC,IP,IF-P | Human | |
| CTLA-4 | AMRe09507 | CTLA4 (CD152) (14H2) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB,IHC-P,FC,IP,IF-P | Human,Mouse | |
| LAG-3 | APRab08287 | CD223 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody | WB,ELISA | Human,Rat,Mouse | |
| TIM-3 | AMRe87390 | TIM 3 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody | WB, IHC-P, IP | Human,Mouse,Rat |
References
- Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394-424.
- Zhang J, Xiao F, Qiang G,et al. Novel lncRNA Panel as for Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on ceRNA Network Mechanism. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021 Sep 24;2021:8020879.
- Li B, Xu WW, Lam AKY, et al. Significance of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its potential as a target for anti-metastasis therapy. Oncotarget. 2017 Jun 13;8(24):38755-38766.
- Belkhiri A, El-Rifai W. Advances in targeted therapies and new promising targets in esophageal cancer. Oncotarget. 2015 Jan 30;6(3):1348-58.
- Keld RR, Ang YS. Targeting key signalling pathways in oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a reality for personalised medicine? World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jun 21;17(23):2781-90.
- Clemons NJ, Phillips WA, Lord RV. Signaling pathways in the molecular pathogenesis of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Cancer Biol Ther. 2013 Sep;14(9):782-95.
 | Voisey Voisey is a technical support specialist at EnkiLife, proficient in immunology and cell biology. She is committed to providing customers with professional and efficient technical support. Additionally, she is involved in research on customers' fields of study and designs highly cost-effective solutions for them. |