Chemokines

Chemokines

Chemokines are members of a large family of small soluble proteins, which were discovered by their adhesion control, chemotaxis and leukocyte activation abilities. Nevertheless, it is now known they are involved in other equally important functions, namely, angiogenesis, haematopoiesis, embryologic development, B and T cell development, dendritic cell maturation, inflammation, infection, tumour growth and metastasis. Hence, the increasing interest on chemokines and their receptors is due not only to chemokine chemoattractant properties but also to their contribution to immune processes that do not directly involve leukocyte migration. According to the number and spacing of the first two conserved cysteine residues in the N-terminal, chemokines have been divided into four subfamilies (CXC, CC, CX3C and C) and mediate their functions by binding to G-protein coupled receptors. This interaction may result in multiple signal transduction pathways, depending on the player subunit and the effector protein activated. It triggers a cascade of intracellular events that promote from gene transcription to cytoskeleton rearrangement and chemotaxis. The pattern of migration of cell populations and of leukocytes in particular is closely related to chemokine receptors expression.

Product List

Validation Data

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References

1. The chemokines and their receptors: characteristics and physiological functions. Guerreiro R, et al. Acta Med Port. 2011. [PMID: 22863506]

2. Chemokines and Bone. Gilchrist A. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2020. [PMID: 32661663]