Apoptosis is a strictly regulated process that leads to orderly cell breakdown and clearance. Unlike necrotic cell death, apoptosis is well regulated and plays a critical role in development, immune function, and tissue homeostasis. Normal cells undergo apoptosis when subjected to various endogenous and exogenous stimuli to maintain a balance between cell survival and death.

Akt (also known as PKB or Rac) plays a critical role in regulating cell survival and apoptosis. This protein kinase can be activated by insulin, various growth factors, and survival factors, functioning through a wortmannin-dependent pathway involving PI3 kinase. Activation of Akt requires phospholipid binding and phosphorylation at two sites: phosphorylation at the catalytic domain Thr308 mediated by PDK1, and phosphorylation at the carboxyl terminal Ser473. The previously unknown PDK2 responsible for phosphorylating Akt at Ser473 has been identified as mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), which exists in a rapamycin-insensitive complex containing rictor and Sin1.

Androgen receptor (AR), a zinc finger transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, is activated by phosphorylation and dimerization upon ligand binding. This promotes nuclear localization and binding of AR to androgen response elements in androgen target genes. Research studies have shown that AR plays a crucial role in several stages of male development and the progression of prostate cancer.

Adipogenesis is the process by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into mature adipocytes, categorized into white adipogenesis (white adipocytes) and brown adipogenesis (brown adipocytes).

This article introduces the definition, basic characteristics, development history, and comparison with similar fluorescent dyes of cyanine fluorescent dyes. It is full of useful information and can be used as a reference for labeling protein nucleic acids

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is highly conserved from yeast to plants and animals and plays a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis。

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is highly conserved from yeast to plants and animals and plays a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis .Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the pivotal step of the fatty acid synthesis pathway.

This article provides a detailed introduction of some fluorescent dyes for labeling, which can be used as a reference for users to select fluorescent dye antibody protein labeling kit or fluorescent secondary antibody, flow cytometry antibody, etc.

Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates. Once released into the synaptic cleft, it depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane and activates downstream signaling pathways, thereby propagating excitatory signals. The initial depolarization is primarily mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors.

Enzyme-labeled antibody technology is a labeling technique that involves covalently conjugating enzyme molecules to specific antibodies. Its core principle is: utilizing the antibody's high specificity for antigen recognition as a "targeting system" to precisely locate the target molecule; then, leveraging the enzyme's highly efficient catalytic "amplification effect" on its substrate to convert an invisible immune reaction into a visible or instrument-detectable signal (such as a color change, luminescence, etc.). This enables the qualitative, locational, or quantitative analysis of the target antigen or antibody.