TGF-β Family
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily comprises over 30 members, including TGF-β, Activin, Inhibin, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth differentiation factors (GDFs). It can be roughly divided into two subfamilies: the TGF-β/Activin/Nodal subfamily and the BMP/GDF/MIS (Müllerian inhibiting substrate) subfamily. This superfamily plays crucial roles in regulating cell proliferation, lineage differentiation, migration, adhesion, and apoptosis, as well as embryonic development, extracellular matrix formation, and bone formation and remodeling. This cytokine was named "TGF-β" because it can induce phenotypic transformation of normal fibroblasts—specifically, in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), it alters the growth characteristics of fibroblasts on the inner wall, enabling them to grow in agar and losing density-dependent inhibition during growth.
Dysregulation of TGF-β family signaling underlies a broad spectrum of disorders: excessive activity drives immune evasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and fibrosis in cancer and chronic organ injury, whereas insufficient signaling causes skeletal malformations, cardiovascular defects, and immune dysfunction. Consequently, TGF-β ligands, receptors, and Smads serve as valuable disease biomarkers.
Product List
| Target | Catalog# | Product Name | Reactivity | Predicted MW |
|---|---|---|---|---|
TGF-β1 | GMP Recombinant Human TGF-β1 | Human | 12.8 kDa | |
TGF-β2 | GMP Recombinant Human TGF-β2 | Human | 12.7 kDa | |
TGF-β3 | GMP Recombinant Human TGF-β3 | Human | 13 kDa |
Validation Data
GMP Recombinant Human TGF-β1 (Catalog: PCH90040)
TGF-β1 SDS-PAGE image
Bioactivity image: The ED50 for this effect is ≤0.3ng/mL.GMP Recombinant Human TGF-β2 (Catalog: PCH90041)
TGF-β2 SDS-PAGE image
Bioactivity image: The ED50 for this effect is ≤0.3ng/mL.GMP Recombinant Human TGF-β3 (Catalog: PCH90042)
Bioactivity image: The ED50 for this effect is ≤0.2ng/mL.References
1.A stepwise mode of TGFβ-SMAD signaling and DNA methylation regulates naïve-to-primed pluripotency and differentiation. Hao B, et al. Nat Commun. 2024. [PMID: 39578449]
2.Contextual determinants of TGFβ action in development, immunity and cancer. David CJ, et al. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018. [PMID: 29643418]
3.Transforming growth factor beta 1: three-dimensional structure in solution and comparison with the X-ray structure of transforming growth factor beta 2. Hinck AP, et al. Biochemistry. 1996. [PMID: 8679613]
4. TGF-beta signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression. Derynck R, et al. Nat Genet. 2001. [PMID: 11586292]