Gliomas are tumors that originate from glial cells in the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), accounting for approximately 40%-50% of all primary brain tumors. They are also one of the most common and malignant types of tumors in adults' central nervous system. Based on the originating cell type, they can be classified into astrocytomas, ependymomas, or oligodendrogliomas. Due to their infiltrative growth characteristics, they are difficult to treat, have a high recurrence rate, and significantly impact the neurological function and survival period of patients^[1,2].

At the molecular level, the occurrence of gliomas is closely related to various genetic mutations and abnormalities in signaling pathways. For example, IDH mutations, inactivation of TP53 and RB1 genes, mutations in genes such as  EGFR and PDGFRA, and abnormal activation of RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways all contribute to the development and progression of gliomas. Additionally, epigenetic modifications, such as abnormal DNA methylation and histone modifications, also regulate gene expression and influence tumor progression^[3].

The pathogenesis of gliomas also involves the tumor microenvironment and immune escape. Glioma cells achieve immune            escape by inhibiting T cell function, promoting the activation and differentiation of immunosuppressive cells (such as macrophages and dendritic cells), and upregulating the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Furthermore, abnormal metabolic pathways in gliomas, such as fatty acid metabolism and purine metabolism, may also become new targets for treatment^[4].

The pathogenesis of gliomas is complex, involving various molecular, genetic, and environmental factors. In-depth research into the molecular mechanisms of these signaling pathways will help develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

The molecular mechanisms of metabolism, signal transduction, and interaction with tumor-associated blood vessels in glioma cells^[5].

Target Proteins Associated with Glioma

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Flora Flora is a technical support expert at EnkiLife, familiar with immunology and neuroscience,dedicated to providing customers with high-quality product combinations and technical support to help achieve research in neurodegenerative diseases and other neuroscience areas.