Summary

Performance

Immunogen

Application

Background

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Several alternativecatalytic activity:ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.,cofactor:Magnesium.,domain:The TXY motif contains the threonine and tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation activates the MAP kinases.,enzyme regulation:Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation by either of two dual specificity kinases, MAP2K4 and MAP2K7. Inhibited by dual specificity phosphatases, such as DUSP1.,function:JNK2 isoforms display different binding patterns: alpha-1 and alpha-2 preferentially bind to c-Jun, whereas beta-1 and beta-2 bind to ATF2. However, there is no correlation between binding and phosphorylation, which is achieved at about the same efficiency by all isoforms. JUNB is not a substrate for JNK2 alpha-2, and JUND binds only weakly to it.,function:Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as c-Jun and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In T-cells, JNK1 and JNK2 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells.,PTM:Dually phosphorylated on Thr-183 and Tyr-185, which activates the enzyme. Autophosphorylated in vitro.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.,similarity:Contains 1 protein kinase domain.,subunit:Binds to at least four scaffolding proteins, MAPK8IP1/JIP-1, MAPK8IP2/JIP-2, MAPK8IP3/JIP-3/JSAP1 and SPAG9/MAPK8IP4/JIP-4. These proteins also bind other components of the JNK signaling pathway. Interacts with NFATC4.,

Research Area

Toll_Like; Cell Growth; Stem cell pathway; Insulin Receptor; MAPK_ERK_Growth;MAPK_G_Protein; ErbB/HER; B Cell Receptor; SAPK_JNK; WNT;WNT-T CELL;β-Catenin